Overview
Holly focuses her practice on litigation, encompassing a range of interconnected legal disciplines. She strives to find practical and impactful solutions for the individuals and businesses she serves. Holly leverages her years of experience and willingness to understand her client’s strategic goals in employing sensible and successful approaches to the defense of each dispute, including professional liability and public entity/school liability.
Holly serves as Co-Chair of Reminger's Appellate Advocacy Practice Group and has been instrumental in prosecuting appeals in state and federal appellate courts nationwide. She uses her analytical and advocacy skills to resolve legal problems for her clients, from counseling to conflict resolution to litigation and beyond. As the Chair of Reminger’s Educational Law Liability Practice Group, Holly defends educators, institutions, and boards of education against various federal and state law claims, including § 1983, Title IX, Section 504, IDEA, and First Amendment causes of action. She also counsels clients on risk management, safety concerns, and post-accident investigation.
Holly serves as Reminger’s Vice President of Professional Development. She is a member of various professional bar and trial lawyer associations. She regularly publishes articles and gives presentations throughout the country regarding issues important to her clients. Holly has achieved the highest possible rating in both legal ability and ethical standards, AV Preeminent®, from Martindale-Hubbell®. Holly also serves as an adjunct professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, teaching Appellate Practice.
Honors & Recognitions
Recognized in The Best Lawyers in America® for Insurance Law, since 2021
Recognized as a Rising Star by Ohio Super Lawyers Magazine, 2012
Rated AV® Preeminent™: Very Highly Rated in Both Legal Ability and Ethical Standards by Martindale Hubbell Peer Review
Community & Professional
Adjunct Professor, Appellate Practice
-Case Western Reserve University School of Law
Life Member in the Sixth Circuit Judicial Conference
Life Member, Judicial Conference for the Eighth Judicial District
Defense Research Institute
Claims & Litigation Management Alliance
Ohio State Bar Association
-Member, Amicus Committee
Cleveland Metropolitan Bar Association
Ohio Council of School Board Attorneys
Results
- May 30, 2024, Dismissal Affirmed4th Appellate Dist
Fourth Appellate District affirmed the dismissal of legal malpractice claim based upon Ohio’s newly enacted statute of repose.
- Apr 23, 2024, Summary Judgment Affirmed6th Circuit Court of Appeals
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the grant of a motion for summary judgment on qualified immunity for several police officers who entered an individual’s property without a warrant while accompanying firefighters investigating a water leak on a neighboring property.
- Feb 13, 2024, Motion for Summary Judgment Affirmed5th Dist. Ct. Appeals
Appellate court affirmed dismissal of legal malpractice case against counsel based upon finding that criminal indictment was sufficient to put plaintiff on notice of potential claims.
- Oct 20, 2022, Dismissal of Case AffirmedU.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit
Obtained a judgment in the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals affirming the Northern District’s dismissal of a slip and fall case involving a Pepsi spill at a Dollar General. The plaintiff alleged that a spill by a Pepsi merchandiser earlier in the day was not properly cleaned by Pepsi or Dollar General, and caused a sticky floor which resulted in her falling. However, the district court dismissed the plaintiff’s claims on summary judgment because the Pepsi merchandiser testified that the spill happened in one area of the store based on pictures and the plaintiff testified that she fell in a different area based on the same pictures.
- Sep 6, 2022, Trial Court Decision ReversedOhio Supreme Court
Successfully appealed trial court's decision regarding a tax revenue sharing agreement between two school districts.
- Sep 2022, DismissalColumbus
Successfully defended a Class I Residential Youth Facility in an administrative trial in Columbus, Ohio before the Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services (ODMHAS), which sought to revoke our client’s license. ODMHAS recommended dismissal of the alleged violations. Instead of having its license revoked as threatened by the State, our client received a recommendation for its renewal, with a notable chastisement of the State, and compliments for the service it provides to the community.
- Jul 28, 2022, Motion for Summary Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Affirming the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of defendant law firm and individually named attorneys concerning the handling of an underlying complex business dispute and multi-million dollar property transaction.
- Jul 28, 2022, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Ct. of Appeals
Court of appeals upheld summary judgment regarding expert witness testimony requirements in legal malpractice matter.
- Jun 16, 2022, Affirmed6th Circuit Court of Appeals
A published decision affirming the federal district court’s dismissal of a complex legal malpractice claim stemming from the settlement of a state law insurance coverage dispute.
- May 26, 2022, Affirmed6th Circuit Court of Appeals
Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s dismissal of Plaintiffs’ federal housing discrimination claims against a condominium association and its individual Board members.
- Apr 18, 2022, Affirmed11th Appellate District
Affirming trial court’s dismissal of claims against attorneys and court personnel stemming from protracted domestic relations and custody dispute.
- Mar 14, 20223rd Appellate Dist.
Affirming trial court’s dismissal of slip and fall lawsuit.
- Mar 14, 2022, Judgment Affirmed11th Appellate District
Affirming trial court’s dismissal of claims against a mental health provider.
- Mar 10, 2022, DismissalSummit County
In a case alleging legal malpractice, case proceeded to bench trial with all claims against the lawyer being dismissed and costs being taxed to the plaintiff.
- Feb 16, 2022, Dismissal Affirmed6th Circuit Court of Appeals
Affirming trial court’s dismissal of medical malpractice action brought against multiple hospitals and physicians.
- Phillips v. Acacia on the Green Condo AssociationDec 21, 2021, Summary Judgment AffirmedCourt of Appeals, Cuyahoga County, Eighth Appellate District
Affirming trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of condominium association and individually-named Board members against breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty and breach of Ohio Condominium Law case.
- Dec 15, 2021Ohio Supreme Court
Defended an attorney against claims of misconduct from former clients. Represented attorney before both Disciplinary Counsel and the Supreme Court of Ohio.
- Aug 31, 2021, AffirmedCourt of Appeals, Ashland County, Ohio, Fifth Appellate District
Defended youth behavioral facility against appeal after the trial court dismissed claims raised by the Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services for the emergency appointment of a receiver. The appellate court affirmed the original ruling in favor of youth behavioral facility.
- Aug 16, 2021Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Defense of a condominium association and its board of directors against breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty case.
- Yost v. McNea, 6th Dist. Erie No. E-20-014, 2021-Ohio-2145Jun 25, 2021, Decision AffirmedOhio Court of Appeals, Sixth District Erie County
Affirming trial court’s denial of Motion for Relief from Judgment stemming from the dismissal of a legal malpractice claim concerning an underlying adoption proceeding.
- Mercer v. KeaneMay 4, 2021, Judgment AffirmedCoshocton County, Ohio Court of Appeals
Affirming trial court’s dismissal of wrongful death claim filed after the expiration of the medical malpractice statute of repose.
- Nov 23, 2020, Judgment Affirmed11th Appellate Dist
Plaintiff appealed trial court’s dismissal of plaintiff’s negligence claim against client, determining that plaintiff could not bring a stand alone negligence claim against a liquor-permit holder.
- Sep 30, 2020, Judgment Affirmed11th Appellate Dist
Plaintiff appealed granting of dismissal based on statute of limitations.
- Sep 17, 2020, Judgment Reversed and Remanded8th Appellate Dist
Appealed trial court judgment dismissing school board’s claim regarding sharing of tax revenue.
- Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, PA., 2020-Ohio-1579 (April 23, 2020)Apr 23, 2020, Certified Question AnsweredOhio Supreme Court
Ohio Supreme Court answered certified question regarding allocation of insurance proceeds for long-term injuries amongst multiple policy years.
- Scharf v. Manor Care of Willoughby, OH, LLCApr 6, 2020, Judgment Affirmed11th Appellate Dist
Long term care litigation addressing applicability of voluntary arbitration agreement.
- Peters v. Akron Gen. Med. Ctr., 9th Dist. Summit No. 29479, 2020-Ohio-369Feb 5, 2020, Judgment Affirmed9th Appellate Dist.
Medical malpractice litigation addressing application of statute of limitations in foreign body claim.
- Lloyd v. Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse Corp, 9th Dist. Summit No. 28909, 2019-Ohio-4883Nov 27, 2019, Judgment Affirmed9th Appellate Dist.
Appeal of trial court’s grant of directed verdict in favor of retailer at trial.
- Bagi v. City of Parma, 795 Fed.Appx 338 (6th Cir.)Nov 7, 2019, Judgment Affirmed6th Cir. Court of Appeals
Appellate court upheld six-figure award of attorney fees and expenses in favor of Defendant in civil rights litigation.
- Sep 19, 2019, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 108077, 2019-Ohio-3774
Employment discrimination claim dismissed by trial court by way of summary judgment motion practice and affirmed by appellate court on appeal.
- Aug 22, 2019, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107946, 2019-Ohio-3371
Medical malpractice claim dismissed by trial court by way of early motion practice and affirmed by appellate court on appeal.
- May 7, 2019Cuyahoga County
Former client-business owner brought a legal malpractice lawsuit against former attorney for alleged deficiencies in the handling of a business dispute and probate matter.
- Apr 8, 20196th Cir. Court of Appeals
Powell v. Medical Department Cuyahoga County Correctional Center
Appeal of a civil rights lawsuit against prison healthcare providers.
- Jun 28, 2018, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Elsner v. Birchall, M.D.
Appeal of Medical Malpractice Defense Verdict
- Mar 5, 2018, Dismissal of Claim11th Appellate Dist
Paolucci v. Morgan
Dismissal of a negligence claim against a stable owner for injuries to two horses
- Jan 25, 2018, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Hendry v. Lupica, III
Appeal of summary judgment in wet basement case.
- Jan 8, 2018, Judgment Affirmed7th Appellate Dist
Kavanagh v. Caruthers, et al.,
Appeal of class action certification.
- Dec 21, 2017, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105538
Wynveen v. Corsaro, et al.
Appeal of probate court’s grant of motion to disqualify counsel
- Nov 16, 2017, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Ct. of Appeals
Fourtounis v. Verginis
Appeal of trial court's grant of motion for summary judgment in third-party legal malpractice action.
- Sep 14, 2017, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Beard v. St. Vincent Charity Hospital
Plaintiff appealed defense verdict in medical negligence claim
- Aug 10, 2017, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 103868 and 103888
Dueck v. Clifton Club Co.
Appeal of probate court’s grant of summary judgment
- May 23, 2017Cuyahoga
Defense of legal malpractice claim and counterclaim for fees
- Feb 16, 2017, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104001
Berdysz v. Boyas Excavating, Inc.
Appeal of trial court’s certification of a class action
- Aug 23, 2016, Judgment Affirmed2nd Appellate Dist
Walling v. Wagner
Defense of legal malpractice claim
- Aug 1, 2016, Judgment Affirmed4th Appellate Dist
Bender v. Logan
Appeal of trial court grant of motion for summary judgment in business dispute action
- Apr 18, 2016Wood
Motion for summary judgment was granted in favor of client in defense of whistleblower case.
- Mar 3, 2016, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
K.S., a Minor, et al., v. Pla-Mor Roller Rink
Appeal of trial court grant of motion for summary judgment in personal injury action.
- Feb 8, 2016Cuyahoga
Defense of legal malpractice claim
- Dec 1, 2015, Judgment Remanded10th Appellate Dist
Harris v. Reedus
Appeal of trial court grant of motion for summary judgment in legal malpractice claim
- May 28, 2015, Affirmed6th Cir. Court of Appeals
Maxitrate Tratamento Termico E Controles, et al. v. Hedman
Appellate court affirmed trial court’s dismissal in an insurance coverage dispute.
- May 15, 2015, Judgment Affirmed10th Appellate Dist
Nichter v. Shamansky
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim.
- May 13, 2015, Judgment Remanded9th Appellate Dist.
RFFG, LLC v. Extinct Temps, Inc.
Appeal of adverse trial court judgment in business dispute claim.
- Apr 29, 2015, Judgment Affirmed9th Appellate Dist.
Beck Energy Corp. v. Zurz
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim.
- Wilmington Savings Bank v. Dixon, Davis Bagent & Company & Matthew J. Bagent, CPAApr 15, 2015Clinton
Defense of accounting malpractice claim
- Sep 16, 2014, Judgment AffirmedUSDC 6th Cir. Court of Appeals
Weaver v. City of Twinsburg
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in wrongful termination claim based on race
- Jul 16, 2014, Reversed9th Appellate Dist.
E. Hubiak, et al. v. Ohio Family Practice Center Inc., et al
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in medical malpractice claim
- Jun 25, 2014, Judgment AffirmedUSDC 6th Cir. Appeal
King v. Alexander
Defense of prison officials from allegedly inadequate medical care to a prison inmate
- May 29, 2014, Judgment Affirmed7th Appellate Dist
Fry v. Hanni
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim
- May 8, 2014Summit
Defense of legal malpractice claim
- Mar 24, 2014, Judgment Affirmed3rd Appellate Dist.
Krantz v. Family and Community Services of Northeast Ohio
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim
- Feb 26, 2014, Judgment AffirmedSummit
Plaintiff appealed trial court’s decision granting summary judgment in legal professional liability claim
- Jan 9, 2014, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Barbara Rheinhold v. Edward Reichek, et al.
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in claim of financial institution liability for mismanagement of funds
- Dec 4, 2013, Judgment AffirmedTrumbull
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal professional liability claim
- Sep 4, 2013Morgan
Defense of legal professional liability claim
- Aug 21, 2013Henry
Defense of legal malpractice claim
- Jul 29, 2013Lake
Defense of declaratory judgment action for denial of coverage
- Jun 28, 2013, Reversed9th Appellate Dist.
Granger v. Auto Owners, Inc.
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in professional liability claim
- Apr 1, 2013, Judgment AffirmedU.S. District Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit
Jason Milner, et al. v. Robin Biggs, et al.
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice case
- Feb 27, 2013, Judgment Affirmed9th Appellate Dist.
Dawn M. Heller v. Pre-paid Legal Services, et al.
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice case on issue of enforcement of arbitration agreement
- Feb 25, 2013, Reversed and Summary Judgment Granted7th Appellate Dist
C. Rastaedt v. City of Youngstown
Defendant appealed governmental liability case to court of appeals based on trial courts denial of summary judgment in personal injury claim arising out of municipalitys duty to maintain highways.
- Dec 19, 2012Ninth Judicial District Court of Appeals
Rick L. Lamtman v. Barry M. Ward
Affirming Trial Court’s Decision Granting Appellee’s Motion for Summary Judgment
- Aug 22, 2012Cuyahoga - Probate
Defense of legal malpractice claim
- May 4, 2012, Motion For Summary JudgmentCuyahoga
Legal Malpractice
- Apr 6, 2012, Motion for Sanctions GrantedU.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio
Defense of legal malpractice claim
- Jan 4, 2012U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio
Defense of title agent E&O Claim
- Oct 25, 2011, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Fisk v. Rauser & Associates, LPA
Plaintiff appealed trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim
- Sep 8, 2011, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Simmons v. Rauser & Associates, LPA
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim.
- Apr 16, 2011, Judgment Affirmed6th Appellate Dist
David Woodrow, et al. v. Tom Heintshelm et al.
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court judgment in legal malpractice claim.
- Dec 30, 2010, Judgment Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Turk v. Novacare Rehab. Of Ohio
Plaintiff appealed advised trial court ruling for summary judgment in a premises liability case.
- Dec 29, 2010, Judgment Affirmed9th Appellate Dist.
Cortez. Riechers v. Biats, M.D.
Plaintiff appealed trial court’s denial of Motion for a New Trial based on alleged misconduct occurring during closing argument.
- Jun 3, 2010, Judgment Reversed8th Appellate Dist
North Shore Auto Financing, Inc. dba Car Now Acceptance Corporation v. Block, et al.
Plaintiff appealed adverse trial court decision finding no violation of Truth In Lending Act.
- Jan 22, 2009, Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Miller v. Management Recruiters International Inc.
The Court of Appeals, Patricia Ann Blackmon, J., held that: i) trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to vacate award based on arbitrator's alleged bias.
- Oct 23, 2008, Reversed in Part8th Appellate Dist
Berardi's Fresh Roast Inc. v. PMD Ents. Inc.
Reversing in part summary judgment granted in favor of Defendant since there was an issue as to ownership of coffee blend formula in non-compete and civil conspiracy claims brought against former business owner.
- Jul 23, 2008Trumbull
Arbitration defense of service auto liability property damage claim (WALMART)
- Jun 20, 2008Portage
Arbitration defense of property damage commercial service premises property damage claim (WalMart)
- May 12, 2008, Reversed9th Appellate Dist.
Jones v. Birney
Reversing summary judgment granted in favor of Defendants since there remained a genuine issue as to whether the Defendant's doctor's actions were the proximate cause of death in medical malpractice suit.
- Apr 10, 2008, Appeal Dismissed8th Appellate Dist
N. Shore Auto Financing v. Block
Dismissing an appeal for lack of final appealable order where Defendant buyer returned financed car to seller since lower court did not rule on all appealed claims.
- Mar 13, 2008, Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Semirale v. Jamieson
Affirming summary judgment in favor of Defendant since inspection and purchase of real estate was qualified so as to release Defendants from liability for defects discovered after the sale was completed.
- Mar 6, 2008, Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Affirming summary judgment in favor of Defendants since Plaintiffs failed to produce evidence to establish the liability of Defendants for termite damage found in Plaintiffs home shortly after purchase.
- Jan 11, 2008, Affirmed6th Appellate Dist
Skiles v. Bellvue Dev. Corp
Affirming summary judgment in favor of Defendants since there is no private remedy for individuals who claim to have been injured by violations of NEPA requirements resulting in water well contamination
- Nov 15, 2007, Reversed7th Appellate Dist
Davis v. Montenery
Reversing summary judgment granted in favor of Defendant attorney in legal malpractice case where the attorney had not discovered a deed relating to the transferability of an easement across property
- Sep 18, 2007, Reversed7th Appellate Dist
Railing v. Shilot
Vacating summary judgment in favor of Defendant where Plaintiff was injured when a tanning bed cover fell on her arm since the Plaintiff had voluntarily dismissed the suit before the trial court granted summary judgment on the merits
- Jul 30, 2007, Affirmed5th Appellate Dist
Foss v. Watson
Affirming defense verdict in medical malpractice suit regarding surgery to repair fractured arm
- May 29, 2007, AffirmedUS Court of Appeals - 6th Circuit
Preferred Capital Inc. v. Sarasota Kennel Club Inc.
Affirming dismissal of claim from federal court for lack of personal jurisdiction regarding rental payments for telecommunications equipment
- Bohrer v. Bakers SquareMay 10, 2007, Judgment Affirmed8th Dist. Ct. of Appeals
Plaintiff appeals adverse trial court judgment in commercial premises liability claim
- May 10, 2007, Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Brian D. Bohrer vs. Bakers Square Restaurant, et al.
Affirming a jury verdict in favor of Defendant in a premises liability claim for a trip-and- fall injury.
- May 3, 2007, Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
Sigmon v. Southwest Gen. Health Ctr.
Affirming sanctions against plaintiffs attorney for frivolous conduct in bringing an inappropriate medical malpractice lawsuit against Defendants.
- Apr 6, 2007, Affirmed11th Appellate Dist
Hoyle v. Gombeh-Alie
Affirming summary judgment in favor of Defendant since expert testimony was necessary to establish prima facie medical malpractice
- Apr 5, 2007, Affirmed8th Appellate Dist
First Am. Title Ins. Co. v. Chicago Ins. Co.
Affirming summary judgment in favor of Defendant insurance company because Plaintiff company failed to comply with the notice and cooperation provision of the insurance policy
- Mar 12, 2007, Affirmed7th Appellate Dist
Gialousis v. Eye Care Assoc Inc.
Affirming summary judgment for Defendants in medical malpractice claim since claim was time-barred
- Mar 8, 2007, Reversed8th Appellate Dist
Straka v. Fisler
Apply the proper statute of limitations the precluded recovery on a promissory note signed by appellant.
- Dec 20, 2006, Judgment ReversedOhio Supreme Court
Glidden Co. v. Lumbermen’s Mutual Casualty Co.
Lumbermen’s Mutual appeals lower court’s finding of coverage for lead paint manufacturer based on doctrine of collateral estoppel
- City of Sharonville v. American Employers Ins. (United National)May 19, 2006, Decision AffirmedSupreme Court of Ohio
Insurance carrier client appeals from an adverse ruling at the trial court finding coverage in a governmental liability complaint alleging ostensible intentional conduct by insured’s agents
- May 10, 2006, Judgment ReversedOhio Supreme Court
Smith v. Conley
Attorney appeals adverse Court of Appeals decision ruling on motion to withdrawal to effectuate termination of attorney client relationship
- Mar 16, 2006, Decision reversed8th Dist. Ct. of Appeals
L. Yessenow v. Aue Design Studio, Inc. (L. Yessenow)
Defendant appeals trial court decision on unconscienability of arbitration clause in contract for internet website
- Jun 17, 2005, Judgment ReversedSharonville v. American Employers Ins. Co.
Sharonville v. American Employers Ins. Co.
Plaintiff appeals adverse trial court ruling on declaratory judgment seeking coverage under governmental liability insurance policy.
- Apr 15, 2005, Affirmed11th Dist. Ct. of Appeals
Byer v. Wright
Plaintiff appeals adverse trial court judgment in declaratory judgment that Plaintiff was not entitled to UIM benefits under his employer’s policy.
- Apr 1, 2005, Reversed and Remanded2nd Dist. Ct. of Appeals
Jackson v. Greger, Esq. et al.
Plaintiff appeals trial court order to compel discovery of material regarding subsequent representation in legal malpractice action.
- Sep 3, 2004, Affirmed1st Dist. Ct. of App.
City of Sharonville v. United National Ins. Co.
Plaintiff City appeals adverse trial court judgment denying coverage for murder “cover up” conspiracy claim.
- Jun 18, 2003, Decision Affirmed9th Dist. Ct. of Appeals
Smith v. Liberty Mutual Ins. Co.
Plaintiffs appeal trial court judgment finding Liberty Mutual UM/UIM insurance coverage negated by the insured’s 8 year delay in giving notice of accident and settlement with tortfeasor.
- Aug 5, 2002, Decision Affirmed5th Dist. Ct. Appeals
Henderson v. Luhri
Appeal of trial court’s judgment entry denying Defendant/Appellant’s Motion to Intervene.
News
News
Speaking Engagements
Insights
Publications
Reminger Reports
Practice Areas
Education
J.D., Cleveland State University College of Law, cum laude, 2001
M.A., Cleveland State University, cum laude, 1996
B.A., John Carroll University, cum laude, 1993
Admissions
- Supreme Court for the United States of America, 2005
- U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit, 2001
- U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit, 2013
- U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio, 2001
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio, 2004
- State of Ohio, 2001